الجزء الخامس للقواعد

حالة الشرط الثانية تشير إلي المضارع أو المستقبل 0

** نستخدم هذه الحالة لكي نتحدث عن مواقف مستقبلية يعتقد المتكلم إنها ممكنة ولكن ليست محتملة جدا 0

مصدر + would / could / might , ماضي بسيط + IF **
ماضي بسيط + if مصدر + would / could / might **

إذا إدخرنا 500 جنيه قد يكون عندنا ما يكفي لأجازة العام القادم 0
If we saved LE 500, we would have enough for a holiday next year

( من الممكن أننا سندخر 500 جنيه ولكن ليس محتمل جدا ) 0

ربما ندخر ما يكفي لو عملت وقت إضافي We might save enough , if you worked overtime

** ونستخدم هذه الحالة أيضا لكي نتحدث عن مواقف غير حقيقية في المضارع 0

لو كنا أغنياء كنت أسافر حول العالم If we were rich , I would travel round the world

( لو كنا أغنياء تعني أننا لسنا أغنياء ) 0

كنا نستطيع شراء سيارة جديدة إذا لم تنفق كثيرا علي الملابس 0
We could buy a new car if you didn't spend so mush on clothes

** لاحظ أن الحدث مع IF يكون إما :

1) إفتراضي :

لو عملت في هذا المصنع قد أغير قريبا الأشياء 0
If I worked in that factory , I would soon change things

( لكن أنا لا أعمل في ذلك المصنع )

لو أنا تكلمت الفرنسية سيكون عملي أكثر سهولة 0
If I spoke French , my job would be a lot easier

( لكن أنا لا أتكلم الفرنسية )

2) غير محتمل :

لو هي تركت زوجها ربما تكون أكثر سعادة 0

If she left her husband , she might be happier

( لكن لا أعتقد أنها ستترك زوجها ) 0

*** لاحظ ما يلي :

لو كنت مكانك كنت أغير عملي If I were you , I would change my job

** الماضي هنا هو في الحقيقة الصيغة الشرطية التي تكون مثل الماضي البسيط وذلك فيما عدا
صيغتين : I + were و he / she + were

** لكن في المحادثات يمكن استبدال الصيغتين المذكورتين بالماضي البسيط 0

لو كنت مكانك كنت أغير عملي If I was you , I would change my job

لو كان جون هنا ربما لم يكن سعيد جدا If Jhon was here , he wouldn't be very happy

هذه الحالة تشير إلي الماضي وتسمي أحيانا الماضي الشرطي 0

* نستخدم هذه الحالة لكي نتحدث عن مواقف ماضية لم تحدث 0

التصريف الثالث للفعل + would/ could/ might +have , ماضي تام + If *

ماضي تام + if , التصريف الثالث للفعل + would / could/ might + have *

لو كانت أمطرت أمس لم يكن سيوجد هنا ناس كثيرون

If it had rained yesterday , there wouldn't have been many people here

** لاحظ أن ( If it had rained ) تعني : إنها لم تمطر 0

كنت حذرتك لو كنت رأيتك الأسبوع الماضي 0

I would have warned you if I had seen you last week

( أنا لم أراك ولذلك لم أحذرك ) 0

لو كنت قد إجتزت إمتحاناتي كنت ذهبت إلي كلية الفنون 0

If I had passed my exams , I would have gone to Art college

( أنا لم أنجح ولذلك لم أذهب إلي كلية الفنون ) 0

*** لاحظ أن would يأتي بعدها مصدر 00 لكن had يأتي بعدها تصريف ثالث 0

لو أنا لم أكن مريضا كنت ذهبت أمس If I hadn't been ill , I could have gone yestersday

ربما كنت إشتريت بعض البنطلونات لو رأيت بعضها 0

I might have bought some trousers if I had seen some

كان بيتر سيتصل لو كان يوجد أي شيء خطأ 0

Peter would have rung if there had been anything wrong

** معظم الصفات الأخرى المكونة من مقطعين تأخذ more قبل الصفة 0

حريص ----, أكثر حرصا careful --- more careful

حديث ------, أحدث modern ---- more modern

مشهور -----, أكثر شهرة famous --- more famous

ممل ------, أكثر مللا boring ----- more boring

صحيح -----, أكثر صحة correct ---- more correct

مفيد -------, أكثر فائدة useful ---- more useful


وكذلك مع الصفات :


راغب willing - مرهق tiring - مفعم بالأمل hopeful

** الصفات التالية يمكن أن نضيف لها er أو نضع قبلها more

مؤدب polite - غبي stupid - ضيق narrow -

سار pleasant - شائع common - وسيم handsome

** الصفات المنتهية ب ed نضع قبلها more حتى إذا كانت من مقطع واحد 0

متعب tired - مسلي amused - ممل bored - متضايق annoyed –

مندهش surprised


3) الصفات المكونة من ثلاثة مقاطع أو أكثر : نضع more قبل الصفة 0

مريح ------, مريح أكثر comfortable ----- more comfortable

جميل ------, أكثر جمالا beautiful ---- more beautiful

غالي ----- , أكثر غلاء expensive ---- more expensive

The big television is more expensive than the small one .

التليفزيون الكبير أكثر غلاء من الصغير 0


This chair is more comfortable than that one .

هذا المقعد مريح أكثر من ذلك المقعد 0


*** لاحظ ما يلي :

** بعد than يمكن أن نضع عبارة اسمية 0

أنت أطول من بوب 0 You're taller than Bob .

** أو عبارة اسمية + فعل 0

أنت أطول مما يكون بوب 0 You're taller than Bob is

** الضمير الشخصي بدون فعل بعد than يكون في صيغة المفعول 0

أنت أطول منه 0 You're taller than him

لكن لاحظ :

أنت أطول مما هو يكون 0 You're taller than he is



4) مقارنة الصفات الشاذة :


جيد ------, أحسن من good ---- better than

سيء -----, أسوأ من bad --- worse than

I think this shop is better than that one .

أعتقد أن هذا المحل أحسن من ذلك المحل 0

واجبه كان أسوأ من واجبي 0 His homework was worse than mine









يسأل الكثير عن كيفية التعبير عما يريدون باللغة الإنجليزية بالرغم من أن بعضهم قد يجيد اللغة لذا أقدم هذه المجموعة علها تكون مفيدة و من المفضل أن تنسخوها و تحفظوها فى ملف Word

English Communication Skills



Asking for information
طلب معلومة

Excuse me. Could you tell me where ... is?
Excuse me. Can you tell me...?
Do you know...?
You wouldn't know..., would you?
Do you happen to know...?
I'd like to know..., please.
And there's another thing I'd like to know...
I would be interested to know...
Please could you tell me...

Asking for directions
السؤال عن الإتجاهات

Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to ... (place), please?
Which way is the ... (place), please?
Could you tell me where ... is, please?
Do you know where ... is?

Asking someone to repeat
طلب اعادة ما قاله شخص ما

Could you say that again, please?
Would you mind repeating that, please?
Could you repeat that, please?
I'm sorry I didn't catch that.
I'm sorry, what was ... again?
I'm sorry?
I beg your pardon?
I'm sorry, what was that?

Checking that you've understood
التأكد من أنك قد فهمت

So, I / We have to...
Do you want me / us to...?
Am I / Are we supposed to...?
Should I...?
So, the (general/basic) idea is to...
Do you mean...?
Does this mean that...?
So am I right in saying...?
So, what you're saying is...

Expressing uncertainty
التعبير عن عدم اليقين
I'm not really sure but I think...
I can't say for certain but...
It's difficult to say exactly but perhaps...
I couldn't say, really...
I'm not sure.
I don't know for sure but...


Giving yourself time to think
اعطاء نفسك الفرصة لكى تفكر

Well, let me see...
Let me think...
Let me get this right...
Um, well, that's a difficult question / that's an interesting question.
I'll have to / Let me think about that for a moment...
I think it's difficult to answer that question...
How shall I put it?...
Now, how can I best say this...?

Interrupting politely
مقاطعة الحديث بأدب

Could I just say something?
Actually, I'd just like to say...
Sorry to interrupt, but...
Oh, while I remember / before I forget...
Excuse me...
May I interrupt?

Saying you don't know
التعبي عن عدم التعرف على أمر ما

I'm afraid I can't help you.
I'm sorry, I don't know.

BEING POLITE
التعبير بأدب

و هى لها عدة طرق
Showing interest
اظهار الإهتمام


Uh-huh!
Right!
Really?
That's interesting!
And?
What then?
Oh?
What happened next?

Showing that you're listening
أظهار أنك تستمع بشغف

Now, you mentioned...
So, that's how...?
Yes, I was going to ask you about that...
Could you give me / us an example of...?
Could you explain in more detail...?

Thanking and responding
التعبير عن الشكر و الإمتنان

Many thanks.
Thanks a lot.
Cheers!
That's very kind of you.
Thank you very much
Not at all.
It's a pleasure. / My pleasure.
You're welcome.
Don't mention it.
Any time.
That's OK / all right.
I'm glad to have been of some help
.
Apologising
الإعتذار

Sorry
I'm very/awfully/so/extremely sorry.
Excuse me.
Sorry, (it was) my fault.
I do apologise.
Please accept my apologies.
Accepting an apology
That's all right/OK.
Not to worry.
That's quite/perfectly all right.
No reason/need to apologise.
Don't worry about it

TALKING ABOUT ACTIONS
التعبير عن الأفعال


Giving instructions
اعطاء التعليمات

Make sure...
Remember... (to do).
Be careful... (not to do).
Don't forget... (to do)
Giving directions
Go straight on.
Take the first/second on the left / right.
Turn left / right.
Go along... as far as...
Take the number 7 bus / tram.
Get off (the bus / tram) at... (place).
Carry on until you see...
Look out for...

Checking someone has understood
التأكد من الشخص قد فهم ما تصبو إليه

Are you with me?
Did you follow that?
Have you got that?
Is everything clear so far?
Does that seem to make sense?

Sequencing actions
كلمات الترتيب ( التتابع )

First of all, ...
Next, ...
Then, ...
After that, ...
Finally, ...

Making suggestions
الإقتراح

Shall I / we... (do)?
Let's... (do).
Why don't I / we... (do)?
How about... (doing)?
What about... (doing)?
I think we should... (do).
I suggest that we... (do).
It might be a good idea if we / you... (do).
I think the best way of dealing with this situation would be to... (do).
If you ask me, I think we / you should... (do).
We could...

Agreeing to a suggestion
الموافقة على اقتراح

Yes, I think that's a good idea.
That's probably the best option.
Sure, why not?
Yes, definitely.
By all means.
Good idea!


Rejecting a suggestion
رفض اقتراح


Yes, but wouldn't it be better to... (do).
That's a good idea, but... (do).
Making invitations
What are you doing on... (day)?
Have you got any plans for... (day/time of day)?
Would you like to... (do)?
Do you fancy... (doing)?
What about... (doing)?


Accepting an invitation
قبول دعوة

Yes, I'd love to.
Yes, that would be great.
Refusing an invitation
I'm afraid I'm busy on... (day). How about next... (day)?
I'm sorry I can't. I'm... (doing something else).
I'm afraid I can't make it. I'm... (doing something else).
I'd love to, but...
That's very kind of you, but...

Expressing a preference
التعبير عن مفاضلة أمر ما

I'd much rather... (do) than... (do something else).
I prefer... to...
I'd prefer to... (do).
I think... is much more interesting than...
I don't find... half as interesting as...
I like... better than...

Making recommendations
اعطاء التوصيات

You mustn't miss the...
You must go to the...
You've got to... (do)
You'll love the...
I wouldn't recommend the...
You definitely wouldn't enjoy going to the...

Offering something
تقديم شئ ما

Would you like...?
What can I get you?
Help yourself to...
Please have some...
Would you care for some...?
Can I offer you...?
Can I get you a... / anything?

Accepting something that's offered
الموفقة على شئ ما تم تقديمه إليك

Yes, please.
Thank you very much.
That would be very nice.
I'd like some... , please.

Declining something that's offered
رفض قبول شئ ما مقدم إليك

I'm all right/I'm fine, thank you.
No, thanks.
Not this time, thanks.
I'm not sure I could, thank you.
Asking for advice
What do you think I should do?
What would you do (if you were in my situation)?
What would you advise me to do?

Gi
ving advice
اسداء النصيحة

I think you should... (do).
You could... (do).
Why don't you... (do)?
If I were you, I'd... (do).
Have you tried... (doing)?

Asking for permission
طلب الإذن


Can I.../May I..., please?
Do you mind if I...?
Mind if I...?
Any chance I could...?
I wonder/I was wondering if I could...
Would it be possible for me to...
Do you have any objection if I...?
Would it bother you if I...?

Giving permission
إعطاء الإذن

Of course.
By all means.
Certainly.
Yes, that's OK/fine.
You're welcome to...
Please feel free to...
Please don't hesitate to...
Sure.
OK.
Go ahead.
Why not?

Refusing permission
رفض الإذن

I'm afraid not. I'm sorry it's not possible... I'm afraid you can't. I'm afraid that's out of the question.

COMMUNICATING IDEAS
نقل الأفكار ( التعبيرعن الرأى )

Agreeing
الموافقة

I'd probably agree on that.
I think that's probably right.
That's absolutely right.
Sure! That's exactly what I think.
I couldn't agree with you more.
That's what I think.


Disagreeing
الرفض


Yes, but...
True, but...
I see what you mean, but...
I suppose so, but...
Yes, but on the other hand...
I'm afraid I disagree / don't agree / can't agree...
I'm not sure if that's strictly true.
You have a point there, but...
Actually, I'm not sure if I agree with that.

Asking what someone thinks
استطلاع رأى شخص ما

What do you think?
What do you reckon?
What's your opinion about/of... ?
What's your position on...?
What's your reaction to...?
What's your take on... ?
Do you have any thoughts on... ?


Stating consequences
التعبير عن تتابع الأحداث

As a result, ...
Consequently, ...
Because of this, ...
Due to (cause),...
Expressing two points of view
On the one hand..., on the other hand...
Although I'd..., I certainly wouldn't...
While I might..., I don't think I'd...
Of course I'd..., but I'm not sure if I'd...
There's no doubt that it would..., but there's also a chance it might...

Giving examples
إعطاء الأمثلة

For example, ...
For instance, ...
One example of this is...
To give you an idea, ...
Look at the case of...
Take, for example, ...
Let' say, ...

Justifying your opinions
تبرير الرأى ( أعطاء الأسباب )

Personally, I (don't) think... because...
Let's (not)... because...
In my opinion, I (don't) feel... because...
I would definitely (not)... because...
It would be better to... as...
I (don't) feel that it's important to... as...

Linking what you're saying
الربط بين ما تقول

Anyway, ...
True, but ...
As a matter of fact, ...
... sort of...
Hmm...
... you know...
... believe me...

Ordering / Sequencing
الترتيب التتابع

First of all, ...
To start with, ...
Secondly, ...
Another thing is that...
Alternatively, ...
Last but not least, ...

Persuading
الإقناع

But don't you agree that...
Yes, but I'm sure you'd agree that...
Don't you think that...
Presenting an opinion
Personally, I think that...
It seems to me that...
From my point of view, ...
In my opinion, ...

Prioritising
ترتيب الأولويات

... would be much more important than...
I don't think... would be nearly as important / urgent as...
... will definitely be the most / least ...

Speculating
التأمل

It's difficult to say exactly but I suppose it could be...
I'm not sure but it might be...
It can't be... because...
It must be... because...
I would guess...


Summarising
التلخيص

So what it comes down to is...
The point I'm trying to make is...
Let me just recap what's been said so far.
In short, ...
To sum up, ...
Basically, ...
Overall, it would seem that...

thanxxx aloooooooooooooooot